Autism Symptoms

Children with autism typically have difficulties in:

• Pretend play
• Social interactions
• Verbal and nonverbal communication

People with autism may:

• Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste
• Have unusual distress when routines are changed
• Perform repeated body movements
• Show unusual attachments to objects

The symptoms may vary from moderate to severe.

Communication:

• Cannot start or maintain a social conversation. Limited, delayed, or absent speech
• Communicates with gestures instead of words
• Develops language slowly or not at all
• Does not adjust gaze to look at objects that others are looking at
• Does not refer to self correctly
• Does not point to direct others' attention to objects (occurs in the first 14 months of life)
• Repeats words or memorized passages, such as commercials
• Stereotypic/repetitive use of language (e.g. echolalia) or idiosyncratic language
• Literal interpretation of language
• Uses nonsense rhyming
• Lack of imaginative or imitative play

Social interaction:

• Does not make friends
• Does not play interactive games
• Is withdrawn. Lack of spontaneous sharing of enjoyment or interest with another person
• Poor eye contact
• May treat others as if they are objects
• Prefers to spend time alone, rather than with others
• Shows a lack of empathy
• Difficulty using and recognizing facial expressions, gestures, nonverbal cues

Response to sensory information:

• Does not startle at loud noises
• Has heightened or low senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste
• May find normal noises painful and hold hands over ears
• May withdraw from physical contact because it is overstimulating or overwhelming
• Rubs surfaces, mouths or licks objects
• Seems to have a heightened or low response to pain

Play:

• Doesn't imitate the actions of others
• Prefers solitary or ritualistic play
• Shows little pretend or imaginative play

Behaviors:

• "Acts up" with intense tantrums
• Persistent preoccupation with or attachment to unusual objects or topics of interest
• Has a short attention span
• Has very narrow interests
• Is overactive or very passive
• Shows aggression to others or self
• Shows a strong need for sameness
• Repetitive motor movements, such as body rocking, spinning, hand flapping or finger flicking
• Hyperactivity and/or impulsivity
• Uses repetitive body movements

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